Buy a Home With These 10 Must-Do Steps

Realtor.com is a great resource for all of your home buying needs. The article below is written by them.

If you think the new year is going to be the year to put your rental days in your rear-view mirror and move into a home of your own, it’s time to start preparing.

Even if you won’t be ready to buy for six more months or even a year, here are 10 straightforward steps to take right now. Crossing these items off your list will make it easier for you to find and finance the home of your dreams.

1. Check your credit

Go to annualcreditreport.com and request free credit reports from all three credit reporting bureaus: TransUnion, Equifax and Experian. For a small fee, you can also get your credit score.

First up, check the reports thoroughly for any errors that need correcting and any negative information.

These reports should also indicate what you can do to improve your credit. A higher credit score makes it easier to qualify for the lowest interest rates, which in turn make your purchase more affordable.

2. Start saving

One trick is to save the difference between your rent and what you estimate your mortgage payment will be—or more. You’ll need cash reserves to buy a home, and you’ll need to prove to a lender that you can afford housing payments that may be higher than what you’re currently paying in rent.

3. Earn extra cash

If you’re low on cash, as most first-time buyers are, consider taking drastic steps to cut spending. Or try out some ways to increase your income, such as selling some of your stuff or taking a part-time job.

4. Start looking at neighborhoods

Unless you already know where you want to live, take the time to visit a variety of potential neighborhoods. You’ll want to scout out ‘hoods that meet your needs in terms of transportation options and other amenities. Exploring different locations will help you narrow your priorities.

5. Consult a lender

The sooner you visit a lender, the quicker you’ll know what you can afford and the steps you need to take to improve your credit or generate more income.

6. Investigate down payment assistance programs

Visit Down Payment Resource to learn about programs in your area that may help you find down payment money or a low-interest loan.

7. Attend a seminar or take classes on buying a home

Lenders and agents often offer free seminars that explain the home-buying process.

Many local government and nonprofit agencies also offer classes that can help you prepare for the financial responsibility of owning a home.

8. Decide how much you want to spend

A lender can give you an idea of how much you can borrow, but you have to create a personal budget to decide how much you will be comfortable spending on your mortgage payment.

9. Visit open houses

Try to avoid walking through homes you simply can’t afford—you don’t want to fall in love with something and then be dissatisfied with all other options.

Going to open houses early in your search will let you see what’s available in your area that might fit your budget. You can then begin to see what matters most in your decision: the location, room to entertain or outdoor space.

10. Interview REALTORS®

At each open house you’ll meet a REALTOR® who represents the seller of the home. As long as you don’t plan to make an offer on that particular home, there’s nothing wrong with striking up a conversation with the REALTOR® regarding your plans for buying a home. It’s a good idea to talk with and interview multiple REALTORS® to find one you can trust to have your best interests in mind.

Be Up Front About Your Home

While your agent may not be responsible for disclosing material facts about your property to potential buyers, they can be held accountable if they had knowledge of a problem that they failed to make known or tried to hide. Agents are not expected to take on the role of a home inspector. However, an agent should use their best judgment and bring up anything that seems suspicious with both the seller and buyer.

The seller is not obligated to tell a buyer why they are putting their home up for sale. However, failure to disclose a large issue may complicate or delay the sale, frustrating all parties involved.
If there is a problem with your property, it is a good idea to either get it fixed prior to sale or lower your asking price to cover any necessary renovations.

Half of Americans Can't Afford Their House

I found this great article on realtor.com and had to share it with you. Such good information to know.

As the housing market slowly recovers, a majority of homeowners and renters are finding it hard to meet rising rents and mortgage payments, new research finds.

Over half of Americans (52%) have had to make at least one major sacrifice in order to cover their rent or mortgage over the last three years, according to the “How Housing Matters Survey,” which was commissioned by the nonprofit John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and carried out by Hart Research Associates. These sacrifices include getting a second job, deferring saving for retirement, cutting back on health care, running up credit card debt, or even moving to a less safe neighborhood or one with worse schools.

“Affordability issues are real and a major hurdle,” says Lawrence Yun, chief economist at the National Association of Realtors, an industry group. Home prices have increased 20% over the past two years while wages have barely gone up, he says. “Only by adding more new supply, via housing starts, can home prices be tamed,” Yun adds. In fact, construction of housing units has averaged around 1.5 million a year for the past five decades, he says, but it’s likely to be less than 1 million in 2014.

What’s more, at least 15% of American homeowners (or residents of 78 counties across the country) were living in housing markets where the monthly mortgage payment on a median-priced home requires more than 30% of the monthly median household income — long considered the maximum for rent/mortgage repayments. Housing costs above that threshold are “unaffordable by historic standards,” says Daren Blomquist, vice president at real estate data firm RealtyTrac. In New York county/Manhattan, mortgage payments represent 77% of the median income and in San Francisco County represents 70%.

Although mortgage rates are still quite low, down payments, poor credit and tighter lending standards remain three of the biggest hurdles for buying a home, especially among young people, Blomquist says. “The slow jobs recovery for young adults has made it harder for them to save and to get a mortgage.” Some 84% of young people are delaying major life decisions due to the poor economy, according to a 2013 survey by Generation Opportunity, a nonprofit think tank based in Arlington, Va.

Some people also appear to be cooling on one facet of the American dream. About 43% of respondents in the “How Housing Matters Survey” say owning a home is no longer “an excellent long-term investment and one of the best ways for people to build wealth and assets,” and over half say buying a home has become less appealing. Although 70% of renters aspire to own a home, some 58% believe that “renters can be just as successful as owners at achieving the American dream.”

But they’re still suffering the aftershocks of the property bust, experts say. In the years after the recession of 2008, more than 7.5 million homeowners lost their home to foreclosure or short sale and about 9 million more homeowners are still underwater and owe more than their property is worth, Blomquist says. “If one looks at the last seven years as a predictor of housing market behavior in the future, it certainly should give one pause about whether buying a home is a good investment or not,” he adds.

That’s not necessarily a bad thing, says Stuart Gabriel, director of UCLA’s Richard S. Ziman Center for Real Estate. “From a policy perspective, we overshot in prescribing homeownership too often and to those who would have benefited more from other housing solutions,” he says. Homeownership rates hit 64.8% in April, the lowest since 64.7% in the second quarter of 1995, according to the Census Bureau. “It’s wise to approach homeownership with more skepticism and more trepidation,” he says.

The good news: Rising prices have lifted millions of homeowners out of negative equity. Since the lowest point in the housing market crash, rising prices have led to an additional $4 trillion in housing equity, going to existing homeowners, smart investors and those who can afford to buy, Yun says. Home prices, including distressed sales, increased 10.5% in April 2014 year-over-year, according to the latest survey from mortgage-data firm CoreLogic, representing the 26th consecutive month of annual increases in home prices.

This story was originally published Jan. 31, 2015, on MarketWatch.com.

Your Journey Home – almost there!

You're almost to the finish line. You've found the home of your dreams, secured financing, and your offer has been accepted. You've been thru inspections and negotiated any repairs with the home owner. Now all’s that left to do is pack and wait till the day of closing.

The next few weeks should be pretty quiet, but there will be several things going on.

Quickly, after inspections have been done and all repairs items negotiated, the bank will order an appraisal.  An appraisal is an independent look at the property that the bank orders to determine the value of the property in relationship to the neighborhood. Your lender will require an appraisal as security for your loan.  Don't confuse an appraisal with a comparative market analysis, or CMA.  Your  real estate agent probably used some version of a  CMA when you were first considering making an offer on the property.   Realtors use CMA’s to help home sellers determine a realistic asking price. Experienced agents often come very close to an appraisal price with their CMAS, but an appraiser's report is much more detailed--and is the only valuation report a bank will consider when deciding whether or not to lend the money.  There are several ways that an appraiser will look at your new home.

Sales Comparison Approach

The appraiser estimates a subject property's market value by comparing it to similar properties that have sold in the area (within about a 1 mile radius). The properties used are called comparables, or comps.  Since no two properties are exactly alike, the appraiser must compare the comps to the subject property, making paperwork adjustments to the comps in order to make their features more in-line with the subject property's. The result is a figure that shows what each comp would have sold for if it had the same components as the subject. 

Cost Approach

The cost approach is most useful for new properties, where the costs to build are known. The appraiser estimates how much it would cost to replace the structure if it were destroyed.

So What Does the Appraisal Mean to You?

Your personal loan approval is accomplished early in the loan process, but final loan commitment usually hinges on a satisfactory appraisal. The bank wants to be sure its investment is covered in case you default on the loan.  If the property appraises lower than the sales price, the loan might be declined, but that isn't the only hurdle it must pass. Other facts on the appraisal can be a problem, too: if the appraiser notes some building defects, the underwriter can call for additional inspections.   If during inspections a price reduction was agreed to, and it was noted that the price reduction was in lieu of repairs being made, the underwriter can request the inspection report and ask for any of the items to be corrected before closing.  Those are just a few examples of negatives that could stall your purchase.

An Appraisal Isn't a Home Inspection!

Appraisers make notations about obvious problems they see, but they are not home inspectors. They do not test appliances, look at the roof, check the chimney or do any other typical home inspection tasks. Never count on an appraisal to help you determine if the home is in good condition.

If the Appraisal Comes in Low

Don't panic if the appraisal comes in low, because there are often steps you can take to make the deal work. If the appraisal uncovers other problems, remember that most problems are correctable. Try to keep your cool and work through issues one step at a time.

At the same time you are waiting for the appraisal the bank is finalizing your financial approval – there are still some loan questions that you will probably encounter.  In your haste to pack … do not pack any important financial documents.  TRUST ME, the lender will be calling and asking for some document that you know you have already provided.  But even more important than that is … under no circumstances should you incur any new debt.  While it may seem like a good idea to go out and buy that new refrigerator so it can be delivered the day of closing, it isn’t.  I promise you the lender will pull your credit report 24hrs prior to closing. Any new expenses, especially big items, will become a disaster, and could derail the closing.  My advice to buyer – especially to a first time buyer is if you cannot pay for an item in cash … don’t purchase it.

It’s getting close to closing time … so keep you cool and you will soon be in your new place. 

Writing an Offer....

So now you have identified that perfect home, the next step is to write an offer – which is not as easy as it sounds - remember it’s not a contract yet until all parties agree to the terms. 

Oral promises are not legally enforceable when it comes to the sale of real estate. Therefore, you need to enter into a written contract, which starts with a written offer.  The offer is much more complicated than simply coming up with a price and saying, "This is what I’ll pay." Because of the huge dollar amounts involved, both you and the seller want to build in protections and contingencies to protect their investment and limit your risk. In an offer to purchase real estate, you include not only the price you are willing to pay, but other details of the purchase as well. This includes how you intend to finance the home, your down payment, who pays what closing costs, what inspections are performed & timetables, whether personal property is included in the purchase, terms of cancellation, any repairs you want performed, which professional services will be used, when you get physical possession of the property, and how to settle disputes should they occur.

Realtors write offers on local area approved forms … these forms are developed and approved by local attorneys, and realtors just “fill in the blanks”.  These locally approved documents have been developed to cover all different aspects of the real estate transaction in that marketplace.

If you choose to purchase without the benefit of a Realtor, you can get basic offer documents on line, or from Title/Escrow companies. 

First thing, determine what the local neighborhood sales have been. Your realtor can run what is called a CMA or BMA of recent sales.  This will give you a basic idea if the home is priced comparable to other recent home sales in the market.  It could be difficult to get an appraisal if a home is “priced outside the neighborhood comps.” If it is a really nice home and just a bit above the neighborhood comps, it might set a new high sale for a neighborhood. But if it’s more than probably 5% over the most recent highest sale for a similar property, you could find that it does not appraise.  Your realtor can advise you on an offer price once you have looked at the recent sales.  They can also tell you if these sales included any seller concessions. All of this is important information to help you build your negotiation case.

Your offer is the first step toward negotiating a successful sales transaction with the seller. Since this is just the beginning of negotiations it is best if you can put yourself in the seller’s shoes and imagine his or her reaction to everything you want to ask for. Your goal is to get the home that you want at a price that’s acceptable. But remember the seller’s goal is to sell the home for a price that they want. SO imagining the seller’s reactions will help you attain your goal. It is important to remember that seller’s make plans based on your offer and this can affect his finances too.

Your offer is more than just money. Terms can also make or break an offer, and the longer that a seller “mulls” over your offer another buyer can slip in with a different offer – and many buyers don’t want to get involved in a multiple offer scenario.  So a seller is going to review your offer carefully, because it also affects how he or she lives the rest of their life.

I believe that the offers that get accepted without much back and forth countering are those offers that are what realtors called “clean” offers.  While these offers do spell out price and terms, these offers do not contain a lot of additional contingencies.  If your offer says "this offer is contingent upon (or subject to) a certain event," you're saying that you will only go through with the purchase if that event occurs.  Most offers cover basic contingencies such as financing, inspections & possession.   It’s when buyers ask for non-standard contingencies that offers get muddy and often don’t get accepted.

A non-standard contingency would be if you are a first time buyer and you want your parents to approve the property. Now if this is the case it may be a time issue.  If Mom & Dad can get into in the house in a couple of days, a seller might be willing to agree to that, but if it’s going to take a couple of weeks, the seller might not be willing to accept that. In this case you are in essence asking the seller to take the property out of the marketplace for that two-week time frame, and a seller might not be willing to lose other possible buyers.  So keep in mind what it is that you are asking the seller for.

Your offer will include an Earnest Money amount, which is good faith that you are desirous of purchasing the property. The amount of Earnest Money acceptable is determined by the seller, so be prepared to write a check that will be sent along with the offer.  When all the terms of the offer have been agreed upon, that Earnest Money Check will be delivered to a title or escrow company where it will be cashed and held in trust becoming part of your down payment or closing costs.

All offers should have an expiration time for presentation.  Your realtor will advise you on what’s typically accepted in your area.

You will have a binding contract if the seller, upon receiving your written offer, signs an acceptance just as it stands, unconditionally. The offer becomes a firm contract as soon as you are notified of acceptance. If the offer is rejected, that's that, and the sellers could not later change their minds and hold you to it.

If the seller likes everything except the sale price, or the proposed closing date, or whatever other contingency that may be in the offer, you may receive a counteroffer, with the changes the seller prefers. You are then free to accept or reject that counter offer or to even make your own counteroffer. Each time either party makes any change in the terms, the other side is free to accept or reject it, or counter again. The document becomes a binding contract only when both sides agree to all the terms and conditions.

Remember once both parties have accepted all the terms and conditions you have a ratified contract …. But the negotiations do not stop at this point.  Next, Getting a Home Inspection.